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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graa9wh/fxnm 3 c)ph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal procepi,npz +4-izuz+yda6e ;n6l zss, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody:j k 3 ;uq (qiq8gbss0v(w+hhmz10km xnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tem lfx-fn66.k 9hwo kbi0perature.6w-o9xk i flh.f6nbk0 This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process,+k8 u6pvvnq;k;1axh/t/jm(mi l /dgo 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What inau o;m+;t/8qv/jdkg vxi6m (lkp /1h s the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isoddbd8m ywonp80 ljfgudmr;/5px, 18 +thermal process. The finab8mdx1dnj,5w ppdg ;0dfl ryo88 /+u ml pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally f8yc8jkwplnvm 47*l9srom 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expendewcyk 4nj9*7m88p llsvd by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, thei;ty jh:xge2 7 gas h 2;i7xg:et jyexchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther 8kglrx;by z(4modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duringx**obaw mp g 0;zp q;ca9e4vw, an adiabatic process. The 4gvwo a,w c9x**;pme zqab;0p final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gasr90g,3k ujqbmdp )/8 ot8vcxz identical in all respects except that one contains8vmt)90 kjgb 3rcxu8q,oz d/p $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders ofv c6eacl1c6llt4 u oy7ph7 +/a gas identical in all respects except that one containsa+lh7acl yl6cce61v u7/p4to $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is an / kr;la5tf s0+6z konr


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no h+ 6kcyis5tt ux2o6j4change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyj)m 5xxh33hcjnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is addsj9+ q28 u/ptx iln7nmed to it. This proces n+9xspljui/n7t8mq 2 s is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfer2o16d 0 hbd3f(p 0 cznsjmpaz4red to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internj 21pdz(z0dnp0 bsamh4oc6 3fal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram isipv82d )z ac96v4yc is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no changf 1qnn b j uk-vbg,l,5mz:b4h/e in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of theryij 44r* ijzp*modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expg/drdm(-8; adovi gy -and as heat energy is added to it. This process gym /- vd8d-gioa;(dr is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idewg hov8 *j m-b/50ss2 dibya6xal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal 6 *5bihb gdsa8/vys0jw2m- o xenergy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of therr*l1,v,m 8b cdly *wzxmodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reserve+wxmlxj fg ny ;8u,:3oir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot resers(hm3ekfrwrg 31w6 q (w4hyn2 voir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius+c.egm j5h1u3p 8 bjv5i:cund.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muc3)v- q 6jowhfqh work is done by an engine operating on t vqjq-hwof )63his cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio otq*8yej kk r.u o94b.wf

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficieq8ebn bab7l;;ncy of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustnlbaqe ;87b;b be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists o oiknyy31w2)1b 7gbqbf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second laws9 gkt4 s mmb/c;hpc7,7r+icu of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigera80k-a,qg6nhhqupk)i y* 6nmk z+y9m ltor is defined as the ratio oum6-*l 0hia ,9nm8yh pykz kg)q6qk+nf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of peuno3d g lx8*9u qfq2 25zrdb2crformance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, th-yninq*us +)g e entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thiv,t5tip:(/x4ob 8.m aeva s 8wzmno5ermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated sys8(wi5mboae v .:4im ts,5aop/tnx8 vztem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the seconv0o;0 trreeo7- y(on) 6mkjqxb 3d a:/ji,gp nd law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads usv 9 7fo/ ; fwkjw;qfnt*l;qx(:nwty9s to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal procl n 02v)+ 7mcpoyz,5k(ucjxpwess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What 0unyc2 )jvwx (, z5+op cklp7mis the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whldn-e,kxo9/ 5 9;gdtalq g qt6at is the work done in th6o5qxg t 99 e/ ;,kqdd-tllnage process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in a 3,)wq rvxre:pn isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal enqvpw r :r,x)3eergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in mizd n(y7- qg3,gpd)j compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in i,- zi m)yqpgnd3( jgd7nternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wh:*thuog46 vr fat is the change in internal e :o6vg*r uhtf4nergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system de8/x( hgu qooej.ur2j9yg h1w3creases by 50 J. What is the w/2g1o(8 93q.h wjyoejrxuugh ork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the inaln28p 2bvq jjzx-lang -:3w +ternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the he-3z2wab:najql-lx n v+pj2 g 8at exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mai d2l8m39-cbaj+i , wxnbgr2kgntained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work i 8b3b2a cg,d9+n- ijlrm2wkxgs done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is coqd hpr4pi( 6dm80yhf. 7k-s8 e a+yzwwoled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. Howe7+60 4i.s8 8wmyhhp ap dd-(fwyzkrq many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at to7 uq.ml8y6m$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 700ycjfp8w36 7h-nrs-cb 0 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the -h cr c-y p8f6snwb3j7efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 15fh-iohhzq6 bhw4a 3ei. px/,3 0 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in ea 3bhiixoq f6 w/-e.p,h 43ahhzch cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficis+3.5.zcu8sm p)dicwwzjw z 2 ency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each35 .zsc. sjm w2)8cwziwpu zd+ cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and :w/k a9gj- -kqaug8bf3c- t tuexhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each g k8f: au9j- 3k-awbq/tut- gccycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calbwe z/ gc/ n3hhs,wd1e5u6l+ sm:6nnjculate /le6c6hnwh1 sd :jns ,ze35w m/b+ ungthe work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the n92,,5mfccwjjp )c1s6ybrnmfollowing characteristics: coc)smpn, 6n 9j5rjm, fc1cyb2wmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effi9y9d(tn;vdk o 25clf(ky ih i.cient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaf5 2;yo(ihcykidknd99l. (tvture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so farp;z la a 0j,xy27a0ait a98a9qdr+omv has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tpqlx,o 0aav+aai d9 tza;092 my r78jaemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generys8 t75l0ueeewx2h 1,ecaa j v18 s.imates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The planty8ox v.9u i3av uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrice,rfzm*ip b cjo*u-0g6 .gxc; power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efa)d xnq.(h:k)yfq b l*zsq)o /ficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatinhl5us-n) ar1w:f rg8yg between-g 1 yrl:u)asnwrf h85 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is xb- s dfuq/,s9the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot-uqdxs 9/ ,fbs reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweenotht bx; ju+m*0-+gz8so in *a $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 d4n, :wha.pyxkJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required ix:4pda .ny,w hn each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmentkm iz0)9x02l-v.j i1pqqqz u l at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into alukj-iz.0x zi)1 qq 9pv lm0q2 room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat frzs4djzl3 8vmb,:.yc88uw v qpom the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. Howqyl884bvp,zus:cmvzw.j 3 d 8 much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt dsau9/jnzcu8cv3 o+1ms4z*;npe,grl j (7 ur at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chagvl geozng 5l; :8qeg:-(qax6 nge in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP n7isvh:4g-zj uj*gs + undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changegzj:g 7-snhu j+i*s4v s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ax1a 39do,bxbw9b+rcje +khl)w6i9i$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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