The three common phases of matter ake /sfl 4l:1rvre

  Density is

  Substance A has a densqxs93syn)a*v6 tbui.g k-b/yity of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the followingnk r/, yhsr 9j,iw7m9t is not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same area bas:q a l7jk48qsn)6ef hxe, and all three are filleda4k:7nel 6q s8fq)xj h to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and outsii9wrby zw0l wn478c r1de a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressuree6y qcnlr+.7u o0 3cdis4gy)um3wk ) r changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the bottom of a poorwy)3r)g 4 cd7y.kliq sou m30e6un c+l?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. Ifu77raz )esv m6,zj:lk you dive to 2.0 m be ul7 s6j:km)v,r7azezneath the surface, what happens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's princip k-vn 2kli4u+ px*x:wale.

State Archimedes' pripe2hxb9 *n 99:mxgor wnciple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of con-jzd q :nf20dkstant density, what happens to the b0 q-:dkfdnj2 zuoyant force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in bq nhy/qh, -egq433kbrbi ; hy5oth fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buoya/-hhh;3bkqybn45qg y i ,q3e rnt force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship fli4( hxwei36jy :w: bnooats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displ3xbe:nii6o jw ( 4:wyhaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats inhrb 3ll8ilz63 j (-erp a pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant force on the ball grlb ljr3lp8-(zh3e6 ireater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at vfpunq1m -dv *1rh;/ /zh2r-wvtpi9rthe bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Which hh*ihr //pdz uvvqpvtrn m--w2r1f1; 9as the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece osqa8/,chy) mg k4hd+ vf wood floating in a bathtub. If the iron is removed from the kg ydhs8q4a,vmhc /+)wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood si)16-oivly6xk if/ ycy ce76o rts on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what hap6y or)i /6y6lyexi1- cokc7fvpens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipenv35,sr ezks,m/xf)zi-q u.c at point B is larger than at point A. Where iuz ,riqc ,-) x5.3sefk/sv nzms the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizo l*n5v6 ptj1f,l8rj/nrcb0 mdntal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wid5 flrnlp*jr t1/ jm ,8bvn0dc6er section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal piiq rs .u5:qcb8pe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow speed in tc:b iqs.q85u rhe narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principlwo vpe)/xu,db.rskd3e3x(j c 3id3 befn8 7q6e.

  Which one of the following isv0b u3)rm 8j 1w;/c he-+i9fezsqlqj s associated with the law of conservation of energy in hu -/) jlvzi e91qc8b3r jef+wqs0;ms fluids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, tvkv.50 kb5, binwkdfai: s k-h53,r bohe pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than s tg 67r( 3aoquejsdi;:qfj :.0u3mqlaqoqd r0s slagji6 : 3ft7qm:3j;ue.u(t point A. Where is the water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the pa/gwv(l/i7hd f ;szy)s per rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. The force ofjohv alb+(8unx ; 4fq4 air resistancej4(oa4fb x;8u+lvqn h on him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are released simultaneously fz9y/0fa9rokh(*m ih3 r ha t-7iv oux8rom a tall zia (o*9hrv3 akf mot8iyh7 /-hurx09tower. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of rc j43,5gzif+jev.hz i adius r falls through water, it experiences a drag .f4,cz z5ieigh3+jv jforce $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? d -gofbb+v2(n That is, if you made a 1(+o n dfv-bgb20% change in each of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes arw*l)kh56ql es e the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, whatq*)w65h s lkle is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long uwxpdw +fiu, *ecn9azksz(y3a6+gm(6 l4oe8as pipe A. Water8,z 3+kwn*axe6 o( zupfy+6m94ucag ei( lsdw undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greay**pnt(bk lo-w(9gek m*1peh sy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this i*y(mgthwp1(* -lnekp 9k beo* s readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the( 5g7kpoq-b ey water rises to a height h. If the diameter were half akqy7bpo eg-( 5s great, how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightwetb2f+msvzs7:r n mm rj n7;e);ight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bm7 s)27j;: vmnzsbfrr n ;me+tug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are r9g7 qox 924 ha0wzw+hd2bdggsufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that waw a09bz9d q22g7+ go hrdxhgw4ter bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 */d e4/t 4li:yspqt ajg. What i*t/ a:44 seq t/ydlijps its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of0 onn9yf ybf ;n4-c4ni 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4y2z94lebl-j s .00 cm. What is the ma 9e4 szlbj2y-lximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. j,4jvux.7* lun.1+ p l k mco6i)mjqut Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withstand at a depth of dvq w16a9smbd): y ms,120.0 m inq9 dv:1b ym,6)madwss the ocean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarintvf 60 :ce0hwpe1yfb8e can withstand a maximum force w :0thfp ef 0cyev16b8of $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressurcs . ., lwh 1lzbw0bn 95ucf0j3cmwtz-e if the absolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge press9zh(tccsdk/nc 5 w g2 w-v-(xoure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density hnsdc 9w v--wgz2 kc(o(tx5/c of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a locationaxms( va815 ( c/gvrtw 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of r8av( t g 5vx/(wmc1asseawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits oix2nsb8e6i u7n the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The small pistoui ne68x7i2b sn has area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift898decg*nt 95puuiq 6r wrmol(75 xnt , the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston hasm 99qlp g 58 u6ucntrrxd7oe*nit8w5( a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic pistoyzq/s7h6.cauc ,nx /on. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter pc n, /6/ asuyczxqh.7oiston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, andtecuho r,9g+1,xf 4oy its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lux4 ,ooye,cf1r9ght+ ift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N i hoz-szhkl4g(pz :()w n water. What is the buoyant force of the w(zglops -hhzzw4k)( :ater?

  An object has a volumo0eg+jif 98go0c +,1p guqg dwe of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string while su,suaj4z b)ci /bmerged in water. What is the tension in the string? (The specifi ,z/bsiju ca)4c gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold 3hrzd lg,3u8k3lk+zqlvr 1s4is $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel s ;cc 6w(- gua;il/zbcsw,n sc*hgk): lubmarine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N w1d57+sm-oe h qmq5pe4sc n8qthen it is immersed in water. What is the spehoqt-d8 1cpses 7 m5qnqm +45ecific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and thejehxp6jtf ) ;j0c;t:b scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g p)0xj 6h;e; jtbfpc:jt iece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg and density of gm ,+u(+rpscm /crtf2 wcc6c 7$2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely floa7, yd xzh8 qsf8*cybifhmz4 41t in water. What is iqz8d1h yhbc *s4zxfmi7f 8y4,ts mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m widfab/,giibd.pv, hl4 t e/ xb79e, and 0.50 m high. How many kilogramsv4/babhg i .97l,,p xb/di fte of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume ur5p5ayn0/3utha fj / g.l-lebeneath the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced water is 200 yl/ e-rjt lnau/g uhp5.f530a0 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in w) p(itbi6ph f+ater with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. What is the object's+(i h)fpt6p ib density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of itsk)o)4 i) yazb:r.teb:zx8e iw volume beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force oiay8owt))z) rib :4:bzke ex.n the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg xu*9,2 evicugstands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in 9v2iegcxu,*u saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. 5)f p ,xd8zkpyFind the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 crcm j e-)g33mtm diameter restriction in the line. What i-retm3)cm g3j s the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal /tbm( .u-jt vfpipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fount2 yn/,u a *o1 wq7vtc njjquxr6z+1my*ain with 300 kPa, if the fountain i*qxac 1rovuw2,y7u1m +6/*jqn nytzj s 30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the booqve32f 8 pgo4ttom of a water storage tank that holds water ofpo243q8 veg at a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectional arm1w me6s0.qm cff,gtsw* . :mxea $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long wouldcr:vaa. *woyuz: lm90x p7j z9 it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the *pyal. 9oj9vrw c0x :u:amzz 7upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the walllo 1hb4t rvpk:ufj-f53+r5c o of an artery decreased thef35hrk4otr v+:- obju1clfp5 radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A h1snof)ka4mn:hdz 0 ;: s:fktuas twice the diameter of t4of:nh a)tskk0 n:1; sudf: mzube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. Howr)ets1i*x i6 ar5sq 97wyrs w4 high will water rise in a capillary tuber) s5*t4w9srqia s1 e6ywir x7 of diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tuw9y:y (eikmv* be with a d: wi*(emykyv9 iameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the water rises 7yd8kn/gn ef/*uvi p( in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tenvn/epi*(f d ynk 7gu8/sion in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame o0c,.ij d*upkyy*qub gy +u. f.f length 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the+udiuy *.pf,u.*qyj yg.kc0 b surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 nx- 0 4gm3hy je2uzgu:cm and width 5 cm, and is built in such a way thuhgmen03 -4yj g: xzu2at one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?