The three common phases of matter aw- y.6;iyafnm)h2giutw cjr 39zaf;4 re

  Density is

  Substance A has a densitynr3 wtkn* cxuu-4a (mv48c9a m of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following i7:wbgi7g2.b vqukcod.)+i17 axrce bs not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same arts2nm vbz 2r2g r1lcvs3:u*a/ea base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylinrbt 23/ul1vncszv2r2 s:mag* drical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a tire calleiw05-qg 2ovit d?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happenyo.hw/46gf 1)w ouym ys to the absolute pressure at the bo )y /oyh41ww.6fuoym gttom of a pool?

  You are originally 1,/ni+d*rb f rh k16hsv.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absolute pressure on y rfb6,1+snrk/ihv*hd ou?

State Pascal's principle* p yl52scw:as.

State Archimedes' prin8* a4sognr s6bciple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of 1sf)q h xl;m+lconstant density, what happens to the buoyanx1f smlqh) ;+lt force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fres4mzu4ozuj9. yw fv7ju;,on) th water. A boat floats in both fresh water afyvjoout )9.; , uzun7m44w zjnd in salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floa76 08 n8 b +wtyjxeovdji79x4 p0.my*jvavksz ts in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volxjzsxj87m0wnp9*7ko0 d8 v+ y ei.j6t4bav y vume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercury. va r(re0me7q w5dl :y5Where is the buoyant force on the ball greay5ler 5d:(rv 70qamweter?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bo; m bu/2uwe1jiug.fewta 8g: 3ttom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of: ;/wm8 uea.u fuij1eg23bwgt lead. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floa pa;sxc k8* ewbta /40t)6n bxr8*srcrting in a bathtub. If the iron is removed from the wood, what happens to the water level inp* ttnkr60;sxb8ebcr c*a as4/xw8r ) the tub?

  A piece of wood is floatinge o-;3::erszz :im jne in a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the toz:n; s3 e-oiemrz: ej:p piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter o isyy ;27ggfo8f the pipe at point B is larger than at poiy2ggy78o if; snt A. Where is the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pip3l(t*k h g/ egkqgf4u:e widens to twice its original radius, what is the flowk*(ul :fe3/ghk4gq gt speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pip3d y9w59*rrdriatp: nb soy0;e. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow speed in: irywr ;od*a3snp095b rd9ty the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principlxfzx1ep4 5rei wx8:f* e.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of conservation of mqnr9h(fk g(jsn.d-, s0cl 2fenergy in fluids?9qmds fc (n s0-njf,2 hlr.(kg

  As the speed of a moving fluid incr 2 (fun49xzityeases, the pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger thanaq,s5*o5 xiqe67uuglo+ kjsv, imgz76 j z**a at point A. Where is the water pz *u6xvmse g,7ji o7qzlau*k a g+j*,5 q56iosressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper+t-s8pamedb/, :6 kftarnw 0s rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls ths ,umyf o8cim8rz0 :d7rough the air at terminal velocity. The force of air resistance on hy mm8is:87dfrc o0zu ,im is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are released simultanalo9 eywl0+/gsvh1;f eously from a tall tower. Which will reach;vlsg1l+a yh0f9 ew/o the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water, it tvo5 /fcj;3u*htg y8i experiences a dra*vo yt h; 8jc35tiugf/g force $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? m eie by:oex,.y3(v6 v5zst6a That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would5eotay (e6zb3v mi sve,.yx:6 cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter ofvb9y/jdnpdvw gdju)kk7 5 / h br/s27, pipe A. Water undeuydv7nk 27w vrsbpdb/59dg/jk/ , )hjrgoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipest9mavy ,yd 5fm)8o,:, dzbk cb have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscouszy mb c,598 ) dbayfvmt,k,o:d flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often takmz0dl2p7f ory +/ra3:sos9av5y m) sstes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of tyr9s /my: rd pz2+ fkalo7v)sm30 oas5he soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rises to a heelh( u,6,s e oq4p,myjight h. If the diameter were half as great, how high mqpu6se(y4e h,,,jlo would the water rise?

  Certain insects, suchx;j w.a7a3.0pkedj.zefdd + 3yj :luf as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without bpy7 3da.jfu w+ j .lee.:j3xd0zadkf; reaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficientl nrr/)8-+jfq(dj qz hby lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an (zf bjhj rn/ +q8-dr)qupward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of7gqme:-p/p ,7 gquiey 30.0 g. What is it,-yg q7m gp7pue:e/i qs density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.357. What is its densityfh fwnki7yjeh: 4;r 70?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measure858,rtvhh2 i 8 zinduqs 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizq 8d 28iihthzr,5nv u8ontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each c ci,w d),pat;snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a subma zi (7aespqn32rine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the ocean2i sq z3n(p7ea?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximu )gp2d 23imrlxm force of xp2r3dm2lig )$5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the abso)xcp 44q a.bjolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the+o ) yl ako.jf9*+ewwe surface of sea? (The densit o.eyekw+fl awj 9+o*)y of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m below the sur u2m/szgs 7 y1kf3d.x.f7oqedccu / v5face of sea? (The de5fmud3fv1zexy2gocs / s7q.k7d/ c.u nsity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The small pist4d r3 k f*e q4h(jrb.nx9eixi7on has ar (q7e3kjh.e r*x ifdrx b4i9n4ea $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radiuz2emv4fp +f/ ss of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N onfe+4ms/f v2zp the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lif42rgl . yk smo59mhp1tted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to kor 1.g 2p sh4t9lmy5ma 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of c 1j ll4jeo;-dvev- f*8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cmjl4c- e-1dlof*;v jve. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is the ju *7.rkw xye(buoyant force oyjek r(ux 7*w.f the water?

  An object has a volume ofd.38 1okd0 wwmwe uic9 $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string while submerq;dyzg4wg0,l y ,(g.kx,+b dtrt mf,z ged in water., dfgtdbwyx.try;,qlkg zz m ,0(, +g4 What is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold is 9*grbw /cw9n gjoz8 /i$19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel subma:1 g)s9vduqo frine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed in wlg-*q9rrd 2ckbk9oe3 ater qb9rrol 3d2cge-k9* k. What is the specific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scal 0a5ad,bnpus :e reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended fromdn,b:u a s0pa5 a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of k0g a;un /e8crf 7d7r1s7fspb1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 vzg (vo,d8iy ;)b4vsucm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in water.gvyo4v,vd i;b(s )8uz What is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m9itlrse3i5o ,w )+,j)fxh sn a long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be l ,xnowsr,e3 i9l)s5ft+ha) jioaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume hby p(5f +x6wrbeneath the surface of the water. The weigh( 5wfhpx +6rybt of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume,y6bt.fm p 5yswke i8( beneath the surface. What is the obje pw6t(5m .ey ,y8isbkfct's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volcz f1z8q5:caftn 17ewume beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force ot1f z 1qn7c e5:zcaw8fn the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the mn;w 1wvbr(3pn kn( vbs nm+rhm2v25c5inimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravi;b+shr 5 kw( n5pwnnmv2b2c 1(3mvvnrty of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find 2d)5h qy2 lebt k-zlu0the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe t j1g556tdfjc at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the line. What is the velocity in this restrictiont5gjd156fcj t ?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a pressu1m .:li5 fqkidre of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump nyvj1 lu vy32:to supply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above the pumj3v nly1:y 2vup?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water storage tank thzaj49wtu ph o* e./*hnbmp1uc78w o8uat holds water at a depth of 15 m. h heb*9uu7p4 uw/. 81cto*zojawpmn8 At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of c/ )de7; b c/ 5g.jrxhq,xhudokross-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take toen/zmo 7+//p/ tse aqas.no6e pour 4.0 L of oil through a fupes/e +n/s //67qtoonaa.e mz nnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of0n- )ux-vvkhp an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the0u) -kp-hxvvn pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A has twice thekifv:x * : *uec,) bnx951jsfsh xpav; diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube ixxsj*)kfns * b1:h9f5a:;,vu xvpe cB?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will water ri 2 t0qw8vxcgsmb, ddn+u0 tv*:se in a capillary tube of d0dbvx+uw:*0 tmqt, n2scv 8 gdiameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius riqm0lf; :0: y*dq/yaol*4 xpwd d8lc gbse in a glass capillary tube with:yllay*o4 ;q *8bpg:cl dm/ w d0dqf0x a diameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the water *-fpfds/ rvsx5)db6w5sit . wrises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the dwr .p wisv 5fs -sfxtbd65/*)level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.600 mr ngwec 1pop gmc;0*kf-+efl2.p) 9y z with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surf.e e+y-wr*f1z;g9f p p0gcnlopc )2km ace tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and width 5a)uh8b9g0o sq9jpio ) cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap filma)g9s )o0pq8iouh9 bj contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?