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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-ksco r9em,i847 1fdgi .fm8 fxV graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, th ak-u5g hhx1t+ere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th w2i8h)kz eoj+ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume wit*tq 76(j gcxnqh no change in its temperature. Th q7nqgxj*tc (6is process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compress3hv* 5 4xterd2+n:g h;a,i-s a fevdssed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism a,dgss3 x* ahfv +re5e 4t-ni; :h2dsvthat compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalh*t:f2,d. qvbv z1i hu volume during an isothermal process. The 1zfvq. *h:idbhv2tu ,final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durin n*hl6hfy( r+cw:ibz ,xzr2 y;g this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the externalb;yl+r6c:w2y(hzzi hx n ,r *f mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Duri6 -lm6a 8 6*lfp(iocsamubky.ng the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Th b alk6sf il6p8mu(myco.*6a- is process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic6+gn bl.dk)a -dmmdw8s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-halfwtdt k z08-o+g its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the +t0zodtw -8k ggas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idenzqob)bq/n5x (zg .rf0: kb y/b 9rmql)tical in all respects except that one contains /r.fz y 0oq b)5(lkz)bx9:qgn bbqmr/$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylindergb *)vht v:3xls of gas identical in all respects except that one contains gv:)h* vtb xl3$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV5 qpu8bb9s4kk diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there p qvr9z+l2/ lvis no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna/ed /blme+ b:sw n gpxf-k0:n,mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to y b:ejzl3r.z0it. This prlzyzr 3.e0j: bocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant i a q2xbl4koup,81.e2a:flespressure. As a result, the:aqai lse2 xk1e b4,ufpl28o. internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diaj*lj9g,6bwowup po :-gram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process( hx*dkzmt4*o , there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodysp;b)vsyrg (o*cw-m*l5sw /h7gfc k /namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rik v 32gu;)jlk3nzn4 lxgid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pl) 32k n4zvujn3lg x;krocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idea/dwvy k8r6lb8 r1ine3l gas at constant volume. Asrwe6 n8i3 l 1bdyr/v8k a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamiaio6zsfh* bi- d ue0*.cs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservs p7 gtry7x;/ /cacu+voir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot resebz/-abf3 gc -orvoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accx8v vwd4-*p-r6/k , hkixio wpording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Dynz-0+3vdvja uring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatzajv y-03 nd+ving on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as tsge-g l*vr(4s*a,iz3eb q/jthe ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effo2f j :9 eeyzo66jww9piciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musf:j6eopye 9jo6 2w z9wt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis0xjks1 s /*pgcts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of 3 novn-;y2 cyho;h5fq the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeral0vzkpe8v 3v 4tor is defined as the ratio oe3v 8 pk0vl4vzf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of ahqcf(ceiiq ,f6 *5t1o heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entt/xfs 7 hv1/6+r a a p9sp70pqrmpgll9ropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any prsals/11u6 e tp;+pghg ocess that may occur withingasp 1s /61u+; tpglhe an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement +my4ewehkxk4 6 .s3d avv*tn/ .csh8dof the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodyna98ts,*kzy goyhq +2t cmics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an id s8)gwt dm/w(deal gas. What is the change in internal energydm(/8swgt dw)?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fro ch*5yx ;018ni vf5e2ujfddzzm an ideal gas. What is the work done in the*c8n z y2f0iv5 5defu 1;dzxhj process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal proc2 wn/t tfw(; 2myb* 05fdagghsess is -400 J. What is the changws0*tda w2gnh 52f(m;b gtfy/e in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticalkgpg why 8,:u avw+r7xt/a )-mly. What is the change in ing,g hk)ura/t8 x aw- +7v:ymwpternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adi3gq w22 li*a(vo fjqk,01 dvfrabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energylvd1qa 0 32g(ff*k,wvqij ro2?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whae/-ake.9al9 6go dzuut is the work doae9 az-ked9 .ulg o6/une?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bjot+0 nl9v .8c gms0oqx/f9lpy 50 J. What is the heat exfl0sqx j0o9ocl /tm9p.g8+ nv change?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as ivmn1k4u b 9by3t is coolu9by3n b mkv14ed by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K ace s7yyja 4yt8iz9v6 (9wam4ld/u. vrt constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many molvvt ws9dzcly.jry6u98m ae7i4 /a( y 4es of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wamhd y0;syv e) tq4n:e)ter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heau ue0ydie:q- :t and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is tei::ye0 -quudhe efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cy ,+ hyxdx8cp zr9+lel6cle. How much work does it perform in each ch pce,z 98 6lxl+xd+ryycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0fu o5z+k(n4 h(s+zvjj% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat dou(j ( j4 ksfnovh5z++zes it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculat lwhkdnj0,i2q/zsjf 10hkep(0 gxx37e the efficiency of each cycle. jsxf,0zn32gplwxj0i(dk1hk 7qh/ 0e

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and egs9w6w:k l2gd xhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eagl2k d69:swgw ch cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines builnxf0;kzz.n 3wt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamb.f ; x3zn0kzwner temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chara bl+qf/hn/7n pcteristics: clh/p/ b7 nnqf+ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines builtr py,kinoh963 so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber 6 9yk3o,nrh iptemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thek )0/5hipwhg b plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electri d*cp wurqjp77yy8.i8c power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powecjg af ,7ixtp6,oaiu) q76qm9r. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot ewy/0szu jq(2 ufficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwzw2y 2d(7vwj0yl i8ehaao z*,een( way8vjia lw20*2h ed7o zzy, $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature o90 w9o2nro8 k phkvzw,j1u h*af the cold reservoir if the temperature *o19r2w 9k pkwuvaohn8jhz,0of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between(baq+i b k s(vw(yd/-n $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at t: r1lj0w1ijo che rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is reqjl:1 r10ocjiw uired in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 201 i9nhxi-xw)m*wf;hg (++baso1dan v kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cychvnwb+-19isfw+ )n;m1*aa hdo( ig xxle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operati s:ybju+yw y;4on, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freez4;+uy :wybyjs er and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in enz:jww bhz)zh )q 7ki36tropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in z7yi )uh,at7f,pwj x70-dd vcentropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropc:; axewvp idh),- f62ywj* 4wue.nz hy changej 4)wx2;c.wefw:hd-uap*6 zvi yn,hes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at kuy fy/ tc0,1d$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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