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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph iyv cf(s--h+ mis an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no6igu 4ce8f7ts i/ it-h change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyy lij: m0;xm8dw7 )jsznamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperdp nv5 v:m5pm- v0y2jaature. T52v ya-mp0 mndvv:p 5jhis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L.wadrek;er0y)ci5 d2 4b sf s)2 During this process, b 0 5)ci);2rses4rw2f da kdey6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compre0 a9 pug pikqe-)t2c-o +foa-tssed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of thk-90teg2ut -i o)+fa p aqc-poe gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Duringo0 6iuo nlp6 dl-23 m- tzfv(lxws;j1e this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expandfv e;w(62n0dx- li u1lt o3smjlo6p-zed the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isog t*fm+ju)henq6) oo;lated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process u)q g+6t*f) enjmooh; is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam6 rx* g k+f f88dk;ws4+fb2xv abwp3rkics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its ori /, g5 h(fnw*;+urqcjazk: io(m)eu ekginal volume during an adiabatic process. The final fuq:)awr5ehnke zj i(mu;(ok ,g*c+/pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exceptxf1,sc; m*j.w/ vwu ys that one containswyss;x 1/cu,jf .wv m* $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in as(t(t xd(h4b rh(nhe elf9 8i.ll respects except that one containssf9(i.(te(r n hb(8 xhelh4 dt $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is aigg0c-a; x w)4qn:ryn n


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there isr:h3c 1i48;qndufl iw no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of theras-q4n2nk;cswvx +jn6 fa:-xmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pr1wy ( 6np 2qur4qrbn8oessure as heat is added to it. This processwnr 28u ob(qnpr4yq61 is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are ftpj)fe6i at1v7 )q-v transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the itivj61 af)pe) tfv -7qnternal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onjodo9i s 0p2ko,, 4x bwv+wsp4 the PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, tvqxu 5q)0w 4 umxwk rxm*i;3/vhere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamt0fmfs ls;0 d:ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat en44kvmvh ,whck5j1 oj4ergy is added t4jo h4vkj1,km5h 4vcw o it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trans:y6s,dad eiv y8-,ljdbek 3n8) (ogxwferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy ov)x s3liandoe:(d,8gy e6d k jb-w8y,f the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermoq,h lg j1964y7cm*5) p e guutge7kvkodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reselqf)- 3cvtq/ trvoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cal: j,i4 q9amgg1::z bbtjt1exw0 ti 2old reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics uga*8+otdzgdx(nu, o*y517h s8 uylk according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Dc,mj3/k.w ndgtgof,ic87; pty z9j4 ll5o h9nuring one cycle, how much work is done by 9l/zfygtn j cg cl8hni.7,woo t34k;5 ,jpd9man engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is define8e,d:xdxm4n db(73p-oe qfrcd as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the y2aws+(shg *sh9hdcu2 m qyjh0 ;2j b1heat sink must bbc1h 2d sg0ujy m9 (s;h22qwyh*jhas+e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists offj1-+z yf h/jjor;hj:

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyn s*i xj vfra/nw)oh( h-u:2sr: nvqc(7amics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance p54- wt ztyg5i(COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of5p i-gtyz5 t4w

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio ok,xar/xh*:j bf

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entr iomez*d-i l:ssq1ff7l8+vp2opy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any p8m,5j3 sru snqybw + 9gwoczvq //un41rocess that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices4u z8 noqs mur9s,y/ww+b1c/n3g5 vj q applies?

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本习题练习题目来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，学生可刷题练习，扫右侧二维码或加微信skysky1258，获取更多资料
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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statemi1d *jyu+e4unds lc8frc98u.ent of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude thr y.-d6nqkfu6 at

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proba( +6p +xdnblh .j4r gq09n) uforxp1cess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the changan4runbq6j1 p0) fx(g o ld.xp+9+hb re in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal pdb7rxlyd2 l q yk(/lp3 m;x03process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done ill23 y x;pbdk0( ymdl/x3rq7pn the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermawpputw o/.2 i)l process is -400 J. What is the change in internal p2iwop/. wtu)energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing ae+ v0drjq4j4vt c:n/cv r: oj+ gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy odqj4+on r4e0+:r tc/ vjvjvc:f the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doin dv5*m9rbm1p zg 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energy?vm5 m9rbzp 1d*

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of aw.iyc 71pt3bzy+ jm7o y 5r5oq system decreases by 50 J. What mptyyy351o 7rj.c ib7 5qwo+ zis the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrb hnc lt6mk -t2e5j20ceases by 50 J. What is the he56 t2 m2lbjc 0khce-tnat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mainkeo id +bc-d sv-o52(ltained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?db oi( cdok- -v2l5se+

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50mkcwdic ;7kmuh cb ,8b+/ir)0 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles ochk,u 7m8b+kiim )bwc0cd; r/f gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water a.))jw89 hzgv,vcom i 9mp ;qfyt $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loseofb) . 0 v9z09cixxfpx+.moqkt3q;iy s 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficienmq3z9fq xvf0o.;xxik0y+) cot i9 .b pcy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and my (7tq4; lfunii5st) receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it pemq 5ls n7fy4ut)t; ii(rform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 Jwmo e/c8la8 05i61g.t unom yg of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhausiggow6mt1/ oy8 85l.a c enum0t in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kca4vct6a4d7 gr0xyru/y rh)c6:w izvwv89w8 x hl of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyclxr rcwyz:d uw 46 wg8x78cvv49 h6r/)vyitah 0e.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calctig6nu0fv( o z;*n* myulat mngyo0* ;6tiz*u(vnfe the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followcpl 07 au12w1 /cdm uo1.lg5p grih*esing characteristics: combustion chamber temperatud1a/g lc1mrli1opg*p20cuw h7e s5 .ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followh4s 8m rb k7j./6lx1he-o qbhxing characteristics: combustion chamber tempe-4 xe1h/obrjq 8sl 7 kb.mh6xhrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has vhcu h4n94 p8(dgv-bjthe following characteristics: h(4pvbcn894gvh du j-combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generatekwfp1u mb23, ts 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Theuonk5;m u8ye/k a2 x;.c3iifr plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generas3wg5 cxwu)5o3ew mf /tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficix/d;cb 6xgkbuzrx h;ee (e1/;ency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoret2pfjnk(; js)g,zv(7hw5 adq zical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw2 g(qn,dfp(a5 khz ;j7z sw)vjeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. .mk( yrwcfkznq+ fe,m,r i++5 What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservi,.+kr+ywkzrfq nmme,+ 5 fc( oir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating 57udsw3jx g3x between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comparfvp0fx+o ;(ey4 i ;rtztment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each co;xyefipr;0+(4 v tz fycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comparxsy1lj*xmm5ycx2-e 2+kfbps424 ;4mhkx swn tment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. y-pjs mx x*+fk4 y 1kxmlmnsseb4 hw;x522 c24What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigx3wrrv n u*r-z4 )*vigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input ig)rxr*-v 4vir 3 nu*wzs required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of s3 iag9eo)b x:pvb e0/9vwr /wice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy hkdir/,c h 3.his

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expanscc1u/+-h w4y myhyigg:aw6z(ion and its entropy :1g-izcmygwa y h+yuc w6 4h(/changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at iu;qwh: +eb9g 3sgsw+pfj g99gf6 v,b$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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