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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is an o*3 n j5kt-; 5l(y:hedgl kmyo


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal proceffe,mz3hy9a /ss, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsy5nnttl .pom 4k5z n-h6zx0ns6oc ;n(, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its btk4ki5skj96 i7 .i ee 9exd2boriginal volume with no change in its temperature. This proc7. ed 5sej6ik4b2bxikite99 k ess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fbly )l -u,)sq:(zfjgd rom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended b:-jz,slgdb) ql u)y(fy the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isot n4tl3zjzd1h qn9 4k z6ph.d 3/jovbt3hermal process. The final pressure of the ga v t3463znd jb .tlh1djqhp9z43n /zkos

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expandedgxsz0( 0 o+egxcjtvt87nek1i4 kcp 97 isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expk0gct1c9sge7zj+v8 k 0enp7( tx ixo4ended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatj )4 grazqv y,-, v2p,.rbihpted environment. During the event, the gas exchangepj 4 y,,-bzhr,vt griv)a.2p qd no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamoi,3uv ec50xh aw*)waics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originb (zu qx7b/2scal volume during an adiabatic process. The fiuz bx2(c/sq7 bnal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical invgu29b 8 ej(6jxr v qi1jnt (;w8tk:e/t ;tkwg all respects except that one contains /b e 8jt6gtnek(tv2xk(g8 wu:tv91j iq ;jrw;$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identi4oydd(/y2(p38dhy bxjsld5 mi)wh7g cal in all respects except that one containsy5d7x8b(jdpom i sd 2 (4l/3 ydhwgyh) $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diag g0fsan)j-qh: eh-gw zm r(sto: 9t,v0ram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is noy+g:d 37 45+zktvnqrv c r2 ouqku6v8v change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn3ot;w,p cj ui9n, t5ugamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure aqdfnx00n es/2 s heat is added to it. This process isnq2e f00/xdns

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat eusy62 i:aroz -d;b-x6px4 e pnnergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the 6 xi:su;y 2zp4rdaopb- 6enx -gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PVqhyd-:w xe4x bbpl7; ui- 6q7w diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proce3km*vm w6b/gis zt 93lss, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the9jd5. nhr,ma9scs:lv :oao)rrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy i9n. gswa;zx f x.kx;ajo1mj. 0s added to it. .n az;xg x;j1owkj0fm.9s .xa This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat ener,pa9bwz. t4hv gy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gaat4h,9 w.pvz bs

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamixlmsu t 1zr8fo3u4:k- +c3hijcs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trickp8:rkk ;c s *6c/xoansfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a jr+q1skp ; yo3hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics ac)f s*5bqg 8 163zpyq-bvyuy skcording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, gs4 (obg4cb 6 )rnbv, xib87fkhow much work is done by an enginecr4, ng6fk sb8i (xb4o)gbb7v operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a8 yxq /hs9epz(dk3l,bs the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency 4t1-5gbcupslv mr n+5of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must 4+5p1vnult mbcg-r5s be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consivtb : j 49sgv,vw)mb:ists of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.*q bv d:jh q8sl1*ssz-
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defo-wkyi rzm7ma2jy +6 9na3f e)ined as the ratio o7in) o jay far9+z23mykmew-6f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the raaj0yy a 9h-5f h0pd;y4cz1r)sqcmkk+tio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of thomli5q /m s/s,e water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pzv4 9p :(a9ziq7eh uxal k)5i2f; xepprocess that may occur within an isolated (h9 4)z eap i:9pip7fv5uq2a;kx lezxsystem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynam7+lt4i;26kiqd +hyew env ww0ics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us toleh 6+y(b3iu6nts 4g j conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ipw) rn vs6f6 6k;m2rbwdeal gas. What is the chang sw6m2rk;wfpvb6)r 6ne in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed gs *ptt.e::p8j5 gwge from an ideal gas. What is the work done inpe58: *etg:p.ggsj wt the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an mby,nd/)xe2c 4ljjm vd3*xu( isothermal process is -400 J. What is the cha nujy jdb,cx m/dl3e*4 xm(2v)nge in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adia*mbrk hif,j3fmd-z-, batically. What is the change in fd ,-,fhrj*3 mmb-ik zinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process w3*z ypj7+mv k d8aa0khhile doing 25 J of work. What is the change in i*ya vadp0+3mzk7kjh8 nternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, tz(k.nopeij2 1ao) )tf he internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is o1) )k2n oeizjta.p(fthe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrxg;n kvjl) o;jwgvi ve e)xo3-f86.f7eases by 50 J. What is thkeg.)vji; 87xjvnoel)ff 3 xo ;6 wgv-e heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at consta9e mmu,( ebmw v 9b88p6urre5pnt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gpp98eb vrrbme m5e8 m u(,6uw9as?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constanij, qg9mc;.mj k;( 1w8g wqnmzt volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many mol (zmnj1 gcg 9.wwqm; ki;,qm8jes of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg 5-sfifkh (nw xu57kf(o3uk.hof water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 otf-yrs4d(u s.y .0.*ei iydk J in each cycle. What is the efficiency?.dey u-y4k.fsy(so .0t ii*r d

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an yt1scl*:zwf/ efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How 1wf tlsyz:*c/ much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat 87tn,k os xb,t lp,i+fper cycle. How much heat does it exhaus7n8tt,p,sfo lib ,kx+t in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eq *eyf fu1qy 8:3nq 1icdc31qmach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the ye1*u:1 qinq3fmd3f yc qc18qefficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal o ercg6wvm2l 05 b;p8ga+bvyx 1f heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done+cvxpm w8gyvb5e; 6b02alr1g each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engins21q51 eek f 2oztw1boes built so far has the following characteristicsze1wsbt e2qf1o 2o15k: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far hj+;,fs c-pvy.ard p2 g0ik:n6c ipt c/as the following characteristics: comb pkgc-yi, vnjc.fd2 0sipr;c6a:/+ tpustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far ha 7,uo)h yysm+*o ij*cz 1wqk*is the following characteristics: combust*ioi*yj wu1s +)mk*qh oc7zy,ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates k*2 9dvdki9/p- uuq6v 0tmvpnjj nf.*600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant um2e8omq2tjw4yrt1wb4 c t3. fses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant xewtvah u:q2nj26 o;.uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot eff :gkuk hat-9- -)shbrbiciency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical e18)ct5i e;7onrg qv zafficiency possible for an engine operating betwq81 c ; tzno)g7vr5ieaeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Car,, r iv9k6svcweb6 l+xnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of t,,kbv6 xersvwc 9l6i+ he hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinsmrce7a-e: 5mtc w1r 54jm*ltg between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at thwuhd.5+eat wli,v 36z e rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required v,li5+zude .h6wwa t3 in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heax;ktf0g cpx -0e 7, :c0wdnvbqt from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficie: nvx0f0q;cke-gwp0b dtx, c7nt of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from theef+5edfk 4 g/qm1jc7c freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is req g+c k4e/1f57qdcme fjuired in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt atvw 90osln p3.h $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy is-opi7xc lm0-iskw ich/880d3gvw vv -

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP under)ajulh ,o b,m(-b9flv-q* lex goes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changvq9x(al -* -bf,o l)mhlueb,jes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 1ud4b: s,0u,ovhqiifat u:1v $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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