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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grx6dk 1h,j(u0hixj8sj ( l t. .8cmtbooaph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no cbqofxu7bjw tw 4 .--kjw;1 z+xhange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics xgnpkir; o)6,, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its origin2 xnqn*q*+twrccstj p ,n:7; dal volume with no change in its temperature. This pr2*cq pwj,n *dnttxcn + :s;7rqocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Duricrpe*kz*p.,/n 2ks- p or3ll tng this process, 6.0 J of lenr,*rpstkco pzk l. 2*/ 3p-energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed yb-kh+ fygc sk 2s2 -z-y2pi8hto one-half its original volume during an isothermal pro2-2g hzbh +fpyk -8ssck- i2yycess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally fv0 ;fu a.lu+ckpi9q k2rom 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expu+lq2p.ckkuf ;i9 0vaanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the x1c(vcfi7rdj*,c u*l gas exchanged no heat with its sur1*v7(xcu*cfi, r dlcjroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynqx .vjxi.)/oz amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half it/ m:t0mt*g ppq7 5umjks original volume during an adiabatic process. The finaltjqt *m7ppmm: k05ug/ pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas m 4(m v)do7inv20l qx-ij-xvv identical in all respects except that one containsilivq n0v)m jo v-m74x(-vdx 2 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ideis6p f8xm* plwrm-* sdjxx jx: l(hg(0oa1n,1ntical in all respects except that one contains(xlfgsp1d1 x6x0*m ,:(m lwr -jn *jshxpia8o $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV kmw :-g3i* ybtu1z2ml)x6ddodiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change m+ekb+, t.p1nn6rlfn8 cdb)qin

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody rk bu1encp**+k2qw 2qnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant press4pb5butulnd ,)u 6/ dpure as heat is added to it. This process i d5pn)ul /t bu64pd,bus

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred tolrcsrqn 2,,lor 7k 5ep8t;w y2 a sample of ideal gas at constant pressuqsyo 2l,r erckp r,8n2;l57twre. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is eg qp rr1qdx5gjwv9ym3l w4s *,:r+t9


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no changevueldnz3: q kr:,1ja +fpto4+a(j nf, in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm.kurm+ oa5bvo,t3u l j)xj3 f.9-z eflodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat en0v,cpwa* vm.+/ lqpga:f n5-v tl+pyj ergy is added to it. This procp- 0qanvlay+ ,vwtp lv/ *g+p5c:fmj.ess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferrk;t,ks h3tcoqk / u 8h0ff4a*ted to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy ouot/k*4 ash;cft3 f t8kq k,h0f the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of t 0)na n4i(;qhqh 4awx94xjlkthermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer hcmp t3 2h(s4hsw/;/5pwrlpq beat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold r5jx6ilw:6 lncnvf q4 )eservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accord vpxt6.slarx.j/1ig5ing to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken throu*phb;lj x4gs; yrv hd0u5w00ggh the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engin;gj0 w x0 lhsv;uhdg*y pb450re operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat enginowjne +7y5.7bwvmco03e qzb7 e is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Cart,6 p,u:k(xrmnj e-) dhw*toinot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mukenotmpxhj* w d( ,ur- t6,)i:st be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis)mspzg s.:r*t; r g4dsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planc(iju,+iwd xmzq,7 ; wopm l;+ck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performanh 5p4owmu- a(6o nxcr7j/w;nfce (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oa rwpfch6on-x/ jmwo u;( n475f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a h/6yc p vaoxl:)eat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, th2xm2 p3/:f qshusc/ewv xc)n(e entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second lks9/blya ppwo3s6(s; 4 m:ytaaw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an issa6wy(9 4m ssl/y ok;3bapp:tolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of thh8frb h er1und73 c*m)e second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conid*x- u2ikaue as(,6wclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 Jt w 3g3 q zxmurw-kr- syr3c:9-8b.edj of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the -ujwe8 x33dzsyc-. rbtkmg- : 9rr3qwchange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal procesb31mdsgin+1hej; qe82 tey 0xs, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is td j1y8h2 x q3b;stm+egi1n0ee he work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 ky fp4*adqktmc/i+l+g8xunii/e75 9J. What is the change in internal energ5 lc /9mx+uk4pfiy 7antg+iek 8*i/qd y?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gaszb*.rs8mm) .wh prri0 -7zkdv7nhii/ adiabatically. What is the change in 8rw.p k* i7mnzsmi0rd/z-v b7.h)rh iinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes anierxgp)k b2sr /3(3r6xs8 s6:x ywkru1t 4xy a adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the x3/e8 ss6i xy4x3 kx:b1r grr)y (kptu26wasrchange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wpj-52zm (ur0so gbm)d hat mp5o0)m- j(udgbrzs2 is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decres-i9cqbbl.)b 3 3(ry fc3 qculvj9 6soases by 50 J. What is the heat exc3 6qjclfsis ulyv 3crb9-) 9(c b3.oqbhange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at com2d lgb+ jiq-a/xvq, )nstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This fe/ a)xdi-v mqj lq+b,g2at is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 5*pv0sdl 7mi;h 0 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many molhm vlips;70d *es of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watx2 5m ro*lo2cker at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 vog47z. (d/cqda 6 kt:krvxd8J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the edxv6a:7qv co4dgt r/.d kz(8k fficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heatcut ,1kowoyg //c5/ ra per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycle? oa,1ywo kt/gu//ccr 5

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hea0h1aj:mk .m bjt per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycleamj1bj :kh.0m ?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42.bgg qpudx9hq-k0 i,yc//+wvot( ; ma kcal. Calculate thoy+w9vkp c ;/dg. u0qxgm,tbqh-( a i/e efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcula j(lr9v.uc ipjb -wc47te the wor(r7 cb.-v4l uj w9cijpk done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the 0pz qqf-nu9jcwf /q40following characteristics: combustion chp40-q0uzjf/qc9 qwnf amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the o 0vv* h85pu.fe5 xwn)vby bvx7 */wsmfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temyw*vb0x mh5p*s) ./uvf ob8vx 5n vew7perature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fc5c9y5xc h8r,;j qtk following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatufk hr5t 5c 8c,yjcq9;xre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The planvsr/ ab75wn5m)/e+bhvq 30 +taizjxk t uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mx3h nbre1e4*jW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6lrv 4uxdpy/ l3;*mg,+src jr500 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an e5 t nd mtr*)tp n02;( ,c.pddv7ighmfsngine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine o 0u2spjg0+n n vqpr- f5k6dmz1obb,o2perating betwpz fb0 qsvj,dn1ng o 502- rbpum6o2k+een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature ojjj8o s1.zoo4 f the cold reservoir if the temperature o8 j4zoo s.jo1jf the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinq.,5rb2ia jql g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from th8er66nb0 zpcze freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Hozbp8rec n06 z6w much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezinex cico ido.r3p() 9b3 i;j9cog compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into acoc o;(ie9) ior39pcj3 b.i dx room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operatioa/mfc -fvvr my+n7ys ynm q45r9d,h8hy72g.dn, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the roomad yn +h5 .7vgn dyfr 9/m4,hmcqmv2yrs87-f y. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy w *qkpq(u6+ +ga ein)x x07i(y7heb ckrhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy map64u2zzs 5his

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotherma9k8i xwr8b-13*)yngnd jop mvl expansion and its entropymbi*g)-ox89 rdjnk38 yvw1 pn changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at mdr+6y8 va9emur :)m3xcnj i:$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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