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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on 1fchj1n 4pz:z i7jzh/+lj o,sthe T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, crzw7uu,d+(uthere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami:9ug /lw0yy9q/bgva9 y hns 6otkf+k+cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice /5h+prz/o qgm83j ccbits original volume with no change in its temperatureg8cm/qop b+r3jh/ z5c . This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally 9qe hl3oyt jb *3yfr(-l2c c3yfrom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, - tc2jf3yho9q3 ye(bl3y* l rc6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during ggfr +nk fak*.qywtm0 g )xt8q+r,1l9an isothermal pg ,8x) yn qk*1+glt09.afq g w+krmfrtrocess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. i(vbys;ijn *9)xf-dnn. qd.m During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which nsi)-x m.i b.nyjqnvfd9 *;( dof the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Durin o1ugy d+pn *nv6l,ko*n pi--eg the event, the gas excy v+i,pno6 uknln o*g-pd*-1 ehanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law oy).z*sl .brinju*+ k*j ug :6atvl6o nf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas iszixxk 8/9qf buee8 d ye/-e-2f compressed to one-half its original volume during an adieydk89be/82fex -/q- uex i fzabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all r nmc k5t/c8j7despects except that one contains 5/mtcjcn 78kd$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ex 6ecxv:, vzvjj:(v* ozcept that one containsz6 :*j:evv ocvj,z (vx $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is ac,akr f0n6muoc *s h,+0 h:neln


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there ish5 7hncx1aq 3p no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofy*zw ohy: (*xm thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expandy+ eaox)d3mzda6d 9+fj2y ag8 at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proces j+68fd +ze)gy yxadadm93o2as is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transf7o 2h 8caoavc*erred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of t*78hoa v 2cacohe gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on nl (k8:bom/8i cm 0wt *ktx/jathe PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no c z .u6r -*puvrc/ +4p v-f/0nnz5czqgd tufhc8hange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicshn4 vz)i ):/zwo.s 5p4 fvnmys, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a r86 tru*9fhop-1badfu s6k5whigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This hrw6f1u68 ksuf p-a *o9tdb5hprocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy aree(r )wdta7- wr transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volue t-rwd)7 (awrme. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of therm 68msih-l:9psd 8p 1uc1 bcnvyodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reserv lp:yq *slgw//oir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold resexlh62,t zbq o: )8 y)phjrjzn4rvoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clpwr /hg5ad 5fhw*iir7u()i :causius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During trx sa*1 8 adfwzg*jfhv x +)gs:/3:syone cycle, how much work is gxd/r+x:f)a8zg:1 *3 sa *sf thvswyjdone by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratipd1yp;w c0/ av1afho;t0 9 :itpzm qj:o of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the lh8j.fd )d w:f940 :fxntadiq heat sink must bt a)xf.dj 8409n:f: lhfq dwide

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistsvq.jg8ob9e r g,g kt0( of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statemenf5gavhde l9dq))r . :3dth/fet of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as t6p1k8q0hl:li xwa bmp-u 72bbhe ratio of bl-kba: u12ipm8 lx7wpbh60q

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of jx7z l+/s+urxq5 yft8 a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the 6q.kjmca7cvl g d9a 9.water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process imyb +d;ig ehijm-;*pc;l - f1that may occur within an isolat;f- 1l-eg*b i;y cji;im+hmpded system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of the3ro0 j)wwe3xs.-s4zb -njuwl 5kjwg 9 rmodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conw5 sh bn*.4xa ;ydeetomr +(q7clude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is p 51h y.vdxi3vl ttf/3removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in int35.ytfdp ih lt1v3/xvernal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. 0as y) eo0/ 2dhtji;l(figvt 8What is the 8lij)d (gthe 0 y t20vif;sa/owork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas s anels077c k:m9oya i0ystem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal a0s097in:7lce kyo ma energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compres97qj ls6mqine3vcz3 ) r3mh6m mi 2x:psing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in ic26 xqji763 qm)pelnvhzm 3 mm9sr3i: nternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doi f j/l5gch.6-k5 y(dtd wkseq2ng 25 J of work. What is tgqdtw(e fh cysl62d jk-/5k5.he change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha6-zgbv3g2b rxbpck2 5 t is tvr5g2 zbx-63cpbb2k g he work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procesma1 tcv5*9b xss, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat excm b9ta5cxs*1v hange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a m3vm(qifn7ws: onatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of enwm: ifq 73s(nvergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is co 5*1k,aiwuie x3 9otcooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are inekicoow51* , i x9t3au the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water au )2*jy tro sk*ry 9uab-zwzp12g9mi /t $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What7 lz*pa4t t*+eczm7k x is the effici+7lz temp**4 cat x7kzency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency olv., ol(*2 p;-njnd/d zm yds:zg9acdf 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfor:dd /a*v2 lmcy (-zgnn; ldjs pz.d9,om in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pkw1j.m3 (d :8rqvlcc) nm+mmher cycle. How much heat does itc:hm) +d1v.j8km(wnmcrq 3 m l exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatj sfpih.9e bgv 0y 65*tj1c:iie the efficiency of each cycle. cv1jhi5 .fes i*y:0ji9g6pbt

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle anvz zr/mw7* f-kd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done ek*7rz- fw zmv/ach cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient eng*nsj*.nj ltk2 ines built so far has the following characteristics:.2j *k*tnn lsj combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follo) ;q -1lxd5lv)hpro aswing characteristics: combustion chlvx;)ph5)1o -s ladqr amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines ekqj krvj70yq ur,z6 itq-b:3*. rkt/built so far has the following characteristics: combustion yir.tv,brtk0 7-ku:/rj eqzj3 k*q 6 qchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gefu9 pm (v8t4ol+ k*8;mwodbjynerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generae vp/wb s-*qm*n4br-r :p0jguv+/nsftes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powaj5g6t 5bik 8o**dxnoer. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operate;j dq b4s,1gq3ip8b ofs between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficm; a.x :sebgo/iency possible for an engine operating between /sxa .g ;eom:b$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is;v4 zn ek:gq6l 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperaturv ;e 4lk:gz6qne of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinn wk*o-7r0ht eg between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment 18q0hzr,v4ci c3 h+ lf5fn6 p-cvuavf at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into v1hcvqzfa8fiuvn+6 h4-, crl3 0 cp5fa room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing cs0 bti4d9d.tir zf*t5ompartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejectt .0rb sf9*tz4i5itdd s 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of 3n0:is 0 5h2lo,q8 cfinp wioyheat from the freezerfinn:lcw 5oi302 so,80ypqi h and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropyg*dk,7v n 6v * y4dqk;zz.zaia when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change orql.uob3 n 6)in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and 0j ky jo,c.z2vits entropy zjv,2okj0c. ychanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at lsq.a4j wvp+ /du-w2( qu)cua$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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