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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on sgc9jm* e(+l gthe T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no changv;rci .m,eyd cbi83 6te in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna) hnksyf8zh,2 s+v7 -j6 vlynemics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with nob+sn6472 yt phe6,/g-hah ek l2bvyfx2w,n sj change in its temperature. This process ,yb6 njvy7,b s e hh26sl/ an2fke-g42wpx+this

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed iq23hyi 8-o cgusothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended 2hqi-3c 8yug oby the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half 8oa5mk)m luf9its original volume during an isothermal process. The finaa )um59 lo8fmkl pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermard :(en1rp fiko mw; :kni,;:mlly from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the ganif:k: ;wp:kdorn e m(1,;imrs. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compre7, e8lddwy;y f o4klf/p d;2crssed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its sd7 p4 8e;,o dy dcwlfrly/;fk2urroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,cc,; w; :wlra3eqd de7 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume :sbhvhm d 3p0 z 6:vf8fmar+e.during an adi+f:h 3d6 a.vmmp :80hb fsvrzeabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in/uz6w g/3u hmy all respects except that one contains z// um yhw6u3g$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in alloh3 gb6*jde*hpqv p0 w70w8wq respects except that one contains 0qo8p7 0hq*p3w*wh6gwde vj b$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram b5l*y g8 :zlfu lb(j2bis an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric processd 37/:d9*cbwa .h5nyl hwi tmy, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o3* d8dxnf kj.2)hewdij uk-f *f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heatz6tq))ah gb8stvpy4 zag 9 -z8 is added to it. This pro) a t 8g)bqa hty64s8zvg9z-zpcess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant v *uav.z nh;j+pressure. As a result, the v *znuj+.av; hinternal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d7 a6ptnhey,u1e l m3x3/vr9z uiagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no cmq78 pf c-n06wpbdmo r*lz09lhange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsllo -zly(to( ,a9- jig, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as he,-q wzqolb.8rjtj: 6tat energy is added to it. This process i bq.otqwt zrj8, j:l-6s

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transf skic ddh1 xdh1zz7cdw *6*;7jtd10yq-y-pfierred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the dh6d y71qdcwz1x pzh ;01-- tfc7ij*ddkiy*s gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of th c0+j.mc aaj+fermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a60 zqfkr0r, ox hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a 4qo8trlg 8o snzd ..o58r,t+jc(bdc e hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodybm+7g6 u gze/fnamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During onja-oi( :s7c: fp a3vbh8 sflc9e cycle, how much work is done by a-f3avsp l :ijsh o8ab9(c:7cf n engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defi.*l-x( pm pmn2ub;ntsned as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effivwm i)n:2sl 8yciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustswi2nl)vm8: y be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists omc77 9w* l*j q2dpugeuf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamicsq2pi8; a6gxo,bu q 2kurkp .v+.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as /;,r 79l/ujxwmqdmaptm es 99 the ratio of9mx/ mq;se99adut 7p/jrwml,

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is d+(es p/ bwfrb,efined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of thu+w,iq/e8g nke water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may oh;i1jy d4o1fj f8k/ ,xm gtrh0ccur within an isolated system, w1kyrfh08hxd1j ijm,of;g/ t 4 hich one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodpy eb f0b scm36f +tgt+1v;zo8ynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamic+tn r0x jwp+ plk:v5;oc5ba:ds leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process gsvkawzg5c9ux;6tzxn159y *3 foyf *, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in io**;g63kyx5fvz zy9tanfc 9sg1u5xw nternal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas.rpdp5 zam*7y/q 8r1,wn h) jy qeo4cs1 What is the work done 4md*sqeyz/)rywcpa5h jr 7,1q8 n1po in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 Je*l2sq:,fk es i- r3(gy dlk/e. What is the change in intke3 kfsr,/dqs-l e*eigl (2y :ernal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing5,i wbfptm:mp/u: q2v a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal ept:uf,m wip25: bq/m vnergy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while do,q2g 78cfso ( o :fjrs+e3ynsging 25 J of work. What is the change in interfo(of+g scqj82 ,:gy3r7ss ennal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bv l*makmh(5tb d*7)nd y 50 J. What is the work d(dtb*m k7hl) m*and5vone?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal p vtcxhpv6 puek*( l8o-.h k:(energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hea* phpk:6 ouptl(c(hv-8kxe .vt exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a gnh *-o p4qp;ar80g ddko5ro: 9d sa0cmonatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much worpc*aho 9:pg 40sq -adr 0k8dg;ood5nrk is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when l1 3cposoedq8h m) 4-f831 J of energy is removed from it. How many3sm8lh co d4fpo-q 1)e moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.tw+ej5akpsrx9 3s.y) 0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is x nupyy9 xu64dy y0/lj1.k/ddthe effiy dpxnx./9lyu6d 14k /0yudyj ciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per ig.x-xl+5sp(* nwk 1djpiv d6cycle. How much wo*1 dij nxxi-pslkp(6.+g5 v wdrk does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per crc 3 5v;wfi cmubx7 na96,mhw(ycle. How mucich5(6 fn;bv7wm raum9w ,3cx h heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each x kk umx 5gjmu-2(y;;kcycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculat-; kgmxuyj mk;2k5ux( e the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4(w(.fn ygcl+e 2 kcal. Calculate the work donfwy(+cg(e. l ne each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cha q 1c:so/sx* zn+ybg2aracteristics: combustion cham gxzbqsc/:y* s2+n1aober temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follo m3od*s r8 v+c50cijoywing characteristics: combustion chamber temperv5 3so8i+r m*odycc0 jature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficie7vwh *nlrcp3 4nt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber w v 7ph*rl4nc3temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 2/dhg/nst, lov 8nmr3600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant g;z u/o cyym.-b r-1rrvenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gene0 rbveg,(np f0rates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which oci(o49rk l8s .l m2emfperates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency ppew2cgmk )t5b h06:ow2we,- b mg:orhossible for an engine operating between2crg:o) h e0p6kewb mh5o: gbw,mw- 2t $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is thek1*h na-d 8b;rjv 1nye temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir n81b- jd1 yevhk a;nr*is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweey:t , yaajq/w8n $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removeb-8c d32igs.:w) lnt: zq-ooymr2gto s heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejec-qowyonsg- mtl.c8io3gd:b2)zr2t :ts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 km q s9t0j2n9boJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle qn0b92tm osj9. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of opc g wxs+0xuo3,eration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requiro3,u0 x+cgwx sed in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy ;dhl).wj ,rcy)xk) c vwhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezesp/je ;p.gh)cci s. u2x, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expan+*sm :7pzccam l3vssi;yu) y1k9r dy/sion and its entropy cy 9s ;yiurac* mls7y3 mv+csdkz/:1p) hanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 8wf/4g.w y,aj 9ymxu 8k:sfsg$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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